IGBT

IGBT models

For real-time/VHIL simulation, there are two implementations available for the IGBT: modeled as LC model switch, which is the preferred and also the default option, or as an ideal switch (Ron = 0, Roff = inf), which is available through special toolbox.

LC switch is modeled as a small inductance while conducting and a small capacitances while not-conducting. Weight of IGBT modeled as an LC switch switch is 0.The parameter resistance and the simulation step are defining the actual inductance and capacitance values according to the following equations:

$L=Ts\bullet R$

$C= \frac{Ts}{R}$

Where L and C are the calculated inductance and capacitance, Ts is the simulation step of electrical part of the model, R is the set resistance value.

If an ideal switch model is used, IGBT is modeled as a short circuit when conducting and an open circuit when not conducting. In this case, a parallel snubber circuit can be defined. It can be a resistance or a series connection of a resistor and capacitor. Weight of IGBT modeled as an ideal switch is 1.

For simulation in TyphoonSim IGBT is modeled as changeable resistance (R_on/R_off).

Control

Selecting Digital inputs as the Control parameter enables assigning gate drive inputs to any of the digital input pins (from 1 to 32(64)). For example, if S1 is assigned to 1, the digital input pin 1 will be routed to the S1 switch gate drive. In addition, the gate_logic parameter selects either active high (High-level input voltage VIH turns on the switch), or active low (Low-level input voltage VIL turns on the switch) gate drive logic, depending on the design of the external controller. In TyphoonSim, digital signals are read from the internal virtual IO bus. Hence, if some signal is sent to digital ouput 1, it will appear on digital input 1.

Selecting Internal modulator as the Control parameter, enables use of the internal PWM modulator for driving S1switch instead of digital input pin. In this configuration, two additional component inputs will be present. The En input is used to enable/disable the internal PWM modulator, while In is used as a reference signal input.

Selecting Model as the Control parameter, enables setting of the IGBT gate drive signal directly from the signal processing model. The input pin appears on the gate of the IGBT component. When controlled from the model, logic is always active high.

Losses calculation

When the Losses calculation property is enabled, the component will calculate switching and conduction power losses for all switching elements (IGBT and diode). Switching power losses are calculated as a function of current, voltage, and temperature using 3D Look-up tables (LUTs). Also, 2D input tables for losses is supported. When a 2D losses table is inserted, it assumes only current and temperature dependance. Conduction power losses can be defined as a function of current and temperature using Vt and Vd Look-up tables. These LUTs can be either 1D or 2D. If the LUT is a 1D table, the forward voltage drop depends only on current. If the LUT is a 2D table, the forward voltage drop dependence on the junction temperature is included.

Import options and an explanation of how to correctly fill in all the necessary power loss parameters is described in the Importing power losses data section.

Input/output power losses ports receive/generate vectors of two elements. The first element (index 0) is IGBT, the second element (index 1) is diode.

Available component properties are:

• Current values - Switching elements current axis [A]
• Voltage values - Switching elements switching losses, voltage axis [V]
• Temp values - Switching elements temperature axis [°C]
• Vt table - Switch forward voltage drop, f(I,T) [V]
• Vd table - Diode forward voltage drop, f(I,T) [V]
• Et on table - Switch switching ON losses, output energy, f(I, V, T) [J]
• Et off table - Switch switching OFF losses, output energy, f(I, V, T) [J]
• Ed off table - Diode switching OFF losses, output energy, f(I, V, T) [J]

Temperatures calculation

When the Temperatures calculation property is enabled, the IGBT component will calculate combined power losses (P_loss) and junction temperatures (T_junctions) for all switching elements (IGBT and diode). Combined power losses represent the sum of the calculated switching and conduction losses transfered through an internally generated Thermal network component. The internally generated Thermal network component also calculates junction temperatures from power losses, input case temperatures, and the provided thermal model parameters. Input/output ports for temperatures calculation are vectors of two elements and they are indexed in the same way as explained in the Losses calculation section.

Additional temperatures calculation mask properties include:

• Thermal networks type - Defines the type of internal thermal network
• Rth switch - List of thermal resistances for the IGBT switch
• Tth switch / Cth switch - List of thermal time constants or thermal capacitances for the IGBT switch
• Rth diode - List of thermal resistance for the diode
• Tth diode / Cth diode - List of thermal time constants or thermal capacitances for the diode
• Calculation execution rate - Execution rate in [s] for the losses and temperatures calculation logic

Digital Alias

If a converter is controlled by digital inputs, an alias for every digital input used by the converter will be created. Digital input aliases will be available under the Digital inputs list alongside existing Digital input signals. The alias will be shown as Converter_name.Switch_name, where Converter_name is name of the converter component and Switch_name is name of the controllable switch in the converter.

Ports

• D (electrical)
  • Drain port of the IGBT component.

• S (electrical)
  • Source port of the IGBT component.

• ctrl_in (in)
  • Available if model control is selected
  • Input gate signal for IGBT

• En (in)
  • Available if Internal modulator control is selected
  • Used to enable/disable internal modulator

• In (in)
  • Available if Internal modulator control is selected
  • Used to specify modulation signal value for internal modulator

• Freq (in)
  • Available if Internal modulator control is selected and Variable carrier frequency is selected as the modulator's operation mode
  • Used to specify modulator's carrier frequency

• T_junctions (in)
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled and Temperature calculation is disabled
  • Used to provide junction temperatures for switch losses calculations
  • T_junctions consists of 2 temperature values, for switch and diode

• T_cases (in)
  • Available if Temperature calculation is enabled
  • Used to provide case temperatures for the thermal model
  • T_junctions consists of 2 temperature values, for switch and diode

• cond_losses (out)
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • Represents conduction losses of the switching elements
  • cond_losses consists of 2 values, for switch and diode

• sw_losses (out)
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • Represents switching losses of the switching elements
  • sw_losses consists of 2 values, for switch and diode

• P_loss (out)
  • Available if both Losses and Temparature calculation are enabled
  • Represents sum of conduction and switching losses of the switching elements
  • P_loss consists of 2 values, for switch and diode

• T_junctions (out)
  • Available if both Losses and Temparature calculation are enabled. In this case T_junctions is an output since the case thermal model is inside the component and case temperatures are provided as an input to the component.
  • Represents the junction temperatures of the switching elements
  • T_junctions consists of 2 values, for switch and diode

General (Tab)

• Control source
  • Specifies how switches are controled. It is possible to choose between: Digital inputs, Internal modulator, and Model
  • More details about each type of control can be found in the Control section

• If Digital inputs is selected as Control source, the following properties can be used:
  • S1
    • Digital input that is used to control S1 switch
  • S1_logic
    • Logic that will be applied to control signal for S1
    • Active high or active low
  • Gate control enabling
    • If enabled, gives the possibility to control if changes in the gate control signal are applied or not
    • For real-time/VHIL simulation, this property is available only if Use ideal switch model option is checked
  • Sen
    • For real-time/VHIL simulation, this property is available only if Use ideal switch model option is checked
    • Available if Gate control enabling is enabled
    • Digital input that enables/disables switching
  • Sen_logic
    • For real-time/VHIL simulation, this property is available only if Use ideal switch model option is checked
    • Available if Gate control enabling is enabled
    • Logic that will be applied to the Sen signal

• If Model is selected as Control source, the following properties can be used:
  • Execution rate
    • Defines the period between two updates of gate signals for the component. Gate signals are provided as a signal processing input to component.

• If Internal modulator is selected as Control, the following properties can be used:
  • Operation mode
    • Specifies the source of the internal modulator carrier frequency
    • If Operation mode is Fixed carrier frequency, then frequency can be specified on the component properties
    • If Operation mode is Variable carrier frequency, then the frequency can be specified using a signal processing port
  • Carrier frequency (Hz)
    • Available if the Operation mode is a Fixed carrier frequency
    • Specifies the internal modulator's carrier frequency
  • Carrier phase offset
    • Available if Phase operation mode is Fixed carrier phase offset
    • Specifies the internal modulator's carrier phase offset in degrees.
  • Dead time period
    • Specifies dead time for the internal modulator in seconds
  • Reference signal [min, max]
    • Specifies carrier signal minimal and maximal value
    • Vector containing two values: the minimal carrier signal value, followed by the maximal carrier signal value
  • Load mode
    • Specifies on which event the new value of the modulation signal will be applied in the internal modulator
      • If on min is selected, new value will be applied when carrier reaches minimal value
      • If on max is selected, new value will be applied when carrier reaches maximal value
      • If on either is selected, new value will be applied when carrier reaches minimal or maximal value

• Resistance
  • This property is ignored in TyphoonSim. Resistance value will not affect TyphoonSim simulation at all.
  • Available when IGBT is modeled as LC switch (Use ideal switch model option is unchecked).
  • Resistance is used to model the inductance of closed switch and capacitance of the open switch. More information about this property, can be found in the dedicated IGBT models section.
• Snubber type
  • This property is ignored in TyphoonSim. Chosen snubber type and its value will not affect TyphoonSim simulation at all.
  • Available when IGBT is modeled as ideal switch (Use ideal switch model option is checked).
  • Defines type of the snubber circuit. More information about this property, can be found in the dedicated IGBT models section.
• R
  • This property is ignored in TyphoonSim. Chosen snubber type and its value will not affect TyphoonSim simulation at all.
  • Available when diode is modeled as ideal switch (Use ideal switch model option is checked) and chosen Snubber type is not None.
  • Defines shunt resistance value of the snubber circuit. More information about this property, can be found in the dedicated IGBT models section.
• C
  • This property is ignored in TyphoonSim. Chosen snubber type and its value will not affect TyphoonSim simulation at all.
  • Available when diode is modeled as ideal switch (Use ideal switch model option is checked) and chosen Snubber type is R-C.
  • Defines shunt resistance value of the snubber circuit. More information about this property, can be found in the dedicated IGBT models section.

Losses (Tab)

• Losses calculation
  • Losses calculation is not supported in real-time/VHIL simulation yet.
  • Enables/disables losses calculation for IGBT component. More details can be found in the dedicated Losses calculation section.

• Switch xml file
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • Used to load losses data for a switch from an xml file. More information about supported file formats can be found in the dedicated section.

• Diode xml file
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • Used to load losses data for the diode from an xml file. More information about supported file formats can be found in the dedicated section.

• Current values
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • Vector of current values that are used to specify diode losses at specific points. If losses data are loaded from an xml file, it will be filled automatically.

• Voltage values
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • Vector of voltage values that are used to specify diode losses at specific points. If losses data are loaded from an xml file, it will be filled automatically.

• Temp Values
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • Vector of temperature values that are used to specify diode losses at specific points. If losses data are loaded from an xml file, it will be filled automatically.

• Vt table
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • 2D look up table for switch conduction voltage drop values. If losses data is loaded from xml file, it will be filled automatically. More information about table formats can be found in the Losses calculation section.

• Vd table
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • 2D look up table for diode conduction voltage drop values. If losses data is loaded from xml file, it will be filled automatically. More information about table formats can be found in the Losses calculation section.

• Et on table
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • 3D look up table for switch turn on switching losses. If losses data is loaded from xml file, it will be filled automatically. More information about table formats can be found in the Losses calculation section.

• Et off table
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • 3D look up table for switch turn off switching losses. If losses data is loaded from xml file, it will be filled automatically. More information about table formats can be found in the Losses calculation section.

• Ed off table
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • 3D look up table for diode turn off switching losses. If losses data is loaded from an xml file, it will be filled automatically. More information about table formats can be found in the Losses calculation section.

• Temperatures calculation
  • Available if Losses calculation is enabled
  • Enables/disables losses temperature calculation for converter. Thermal model must be provided. More details can be found in the dedicated Temperatures calculation section.

• Thermal networks type
  • Available if Temperature calculation is enabled
  • Specifies the type of thermal network model: Foster or Cauer

• Rth switch
  • Available if Temperature calculation is enabled
  • Switch thermal resistance
  • Vector

• Rth diode
  • Available if Temperature calculation is enabled
  • Diode thermal resistance
  • Vector

• Tth switch
  • Available if Temperature calculation is enabled and the Thermal network type is Foster
  • Switch thermal time constant
  • Vector

• Tth diode
  • Available if Temperature calculation is enabled and the Thermal network type is Foster
  • Diode thermal time constant
  • Vector

• Cth switch
  • Available if Temperature calculation is enabled and the Thermal network type is Cauer
  • Switch thermal capacitance
  • Vector

• Cth diode
  • Available if Temperature calculation is enabled and the Thermal network type is Cauer
  • Diode thermal time constant
  • Vector

• Calculations execution rate
  • Available if Losses calculation or Forward voltage drop is enabled
  • Execution rate for losses calculation. Defines interval that will be used to update losses calculation inputs and outputs.

Advanced (Tab)

• Use ideal switch model
  • This property is ignored in TyphoonSim. Resistance value will not affect TyphoonSim simulation at all. For simulation in TyphoonSim diode is modeled as changeable resistance (R_on/R_off).
  • Defines the type of IGBT implementation for real-time/VHIL simulation. More information about this property, can be found in the dedicated IGBT models section.

Extras (Tab)