Typhoon HIL Forum - Recent questions without answers

Instability due to coupling challenges.

Tue, 21 Apr 2026 09:55:26 +0000

My microgrid model is not is not working properly because I am having challenges configuring the couplings between elements. The frequency measurement of my PV system is dropping fast and the grid forming diesel generator is severely distorted. Could someone advice me the best way to set the couplings.

PSO optimization technique how to adapt this code properly for execution in the Typhoon HIL C-block.

Sat, 27 Sep 2025 13:29:01 +0000

Dear Typhoon HIL Team,

I am working on a research project titled “Photovoltaic MPPT Performance Adaptability to Partial Shading Resilience and Load Variations with PSO.” In MATLAB/Simulink, I have implemented and validated the PSO-based MPPT algorithm using a C-function block, and I now wish to port this into Typhoon HIL Control Center for hardware-in-the-loop testing and real-time verification.

My MATLAB code (attached below) takes PV voltage and current (Vpv, Ipv) as inputs and generates the duty cycle (D_out) as output. It uses persistent variables for swarm initialization, particle updates, personal/global best tracking, and smoothing of the duty cycle output.

I would like guidance on:

Code Structure: How to adapt my MATLAB C-function for Typhoon HIL’s C-block (syntax, supported functions, use of init() and step()).
Inputs/Outputs: Correct way to declare Vpv, Ipv as inputs and D_out as output, and how to connect the duty cycle output to PWM blocks.
Implementation Steps: The procedure to load and compile this code in the Schematic Editor, handle unsupported functions (e.g., rand, linspace), and properly manage persistent variables.
Verification: Best practices to confirm that the Typhoon C-block produces results consistent with MATLAB under partial shading and load variation tests.

My main goal is to compare MATLAB simulations with Typhoon HIL results under identical conditions for benchmarking MPPT performance. Any step-by-step instructions, references, or example templates would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you for your support.

Below, I have provided a detailed explanation of the MATLAB C-function block along with the points where I am seeking clarification:

1. Code Structure

In MATLAB, my MPPT logic is encapsulated in a C-function block with persistent variables for maintaining PSO states such as swarm positions, velocities, particle bests, and global best. Below is the complete implementation:

%% ------------------ PSO Parameters ------------------

persistent swarm iter stepCounter P_hist D_out_prev

% PSO constants

N = 30; % number of particles

maxIter = 300; % max iterations

c1 = 1.8; % cognitive factor

c2 = 1.8; % social factor

w_max = 0.9; % max inertia

w_min = 0.4; % min inertia

D_min = 0.05; % min duty cycle

D_max = 0.95; % max duty cycle

% Moving average for stability

avgWindow = 7;

updatePeriod = 1; % update every step

perturbMagnitude = 0.02; % small perturbation

%% ------------------ Initialization ------------------

if isempty(swarm)

D_sweep = linspace(D_min, D_max, N);

swarm.x = D_sweep; % particle positions (duty cycles)

swarm.v = zeros(1,N); % particle velocities

swarm.pBest = D_sweep; % personal bests

swarm.pBestVal = -inf(1,N); % personal best power

swarm.gBest = D_min; % global best duty cycle

swarm.gBestVal = -inf; % global best power

swarm.k = 1; % current particle index

iter = 1;

stepCounter = 0;

P_hist = zeros(1, avgWindow);

D_out_prev = swarm.gBest;

D_out = swarm.gBest;

return;

end

%% ------------------ Slow Update ------------------

stepCounter = stepCounter + 1;

if stepCounter < updatePeriod

D_out = D_out_prev;

return;

else

stepCounter = 0;

end

%% ------------------ Moving Average Power ------------------

P_hist = [P_hist(2:end), Vpv*Ipv];

P = mean(P_hist);

%% ------------------ Update Personal Best ------------------

if P > swarm.pBestVal(swarm.k)

swarm.pBest(swarm.k) = swarm.x(swarm.k);

swarm.pBestVal(swarm.k) = P;

end

%% ------------------ PSO Update ------------------

w = w_max - (w_max - w_min)*(iter/maxIter);

r1 = rand; r2 = rand;

swarm.v(swarm.k) = w*swarm.v(swarm.k) ...

+ c1*r1*(swarm.pBest(swarm.k)-swarm.x(swarm.k)) ...

+ c2*r2*(swarm.gBest - swarm.x(swarm.k));

swarm.x(swarm.k) = swarm.x(swarm.k) + swarm.v(swarm.k);

%% ------------------ Clamp Duty Cycle ------------------

swarm.x(swarm.k) = max(min(swarm.x(swarm.k), D_max), D_min);

%% ------------------ Move to Next Particle ------------------

swarm.k = swarm.k + 1;

if swarm.k > N

swarm.k = 1;

iter = iter + 1;

% ------------------ Update Global Best after all particles ------------------

[bestP, idx] = max(swarm.pBestVal);

swarm.gBest = swarm.pBest(idx);

swarm.gBestVal = bestP;

% ------------------ Small Random Perturbation ------------------

if mod(iter,20)==0

swarm.x = swarm.x + perturbMagnitude*(rand(1,N)-0.5);

swarm.x = max(min(swarm.x, D_max), D_min);

end

%% ------------------ Reset if maxIter ------------------

if iter > maxIter

D_sweep = linspace(D_min,D_max,N);

swarm.x = D_sweep;

swarm.v = zeros(1,N);

swarm.pBest = D_sweep;

swarm.pBestVal = -inf(1,N);

swarm.gBest = D_min;

swarm.gBestVal = -inf;

iter = 1;

end

%% ------------------ Smooth Duty Cycle Output ------------------

alpha = 0.2; % smoothing factor

D_out = alpha*swarm.gBest + (1-alpha)*D_out_prev;

D_out_prev = D_out;

end

function D_out = PSO_MPPT_PV_Stable(Vpv, Ipv)

6-phase PMSM with single isolated neutral point

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 09:59:48 +0000

Hello,

Does anyone have the Typhoon model of PMSM (symmetrical or assymetrical) with a six-phase star-wound stator and single isolated neutral point?

Symbolic Calculation in C funtion

Fri, 07 Feb 2025 08:58:22 +0000

Hello everyone
How to perform symbolic calculation using C-funtion in typhoon?

Modeling of three-phase transformers using a three-limb core (core-type transformer)

Thu, 07 Nov 2024 16:01:53 +0000

Are you considering suiting up for an engineering position in power systems?

Endorsement credits available for answering this question.

The power transformer is one of the key elements in every substation. Such an important element has to be protected from faults most efficiently. Model-based testing can give provide a deep insight into the behaviour of the power transformer during the fault conditions.

In most applications, three-phase transformers use a three-limb core (core-type transformer). This type of core produces accurate results during an asymmetrical fault for both linear and nonlinear models (including saturation). During asymmetrical voltage conditions, the zero-sequence flux of a core-type transformer returns outside the core, through an air gap, structural steel, and a tank. Thus, the natural zero-sequence inductance L0 (without delta winding) of such a core-type transformer is usually very low (typically 0.5 pu 100 pu). This low L0 value affects voltages, currents, and flux unbalances during linear and saturated operation.[1]

A high-fidelity model of three-phase transformers that use a three-limb core (core-type transformer) plays a key role in testing and validating protection schemes for asymmetrical faults.

Task Requirements

Your task is to create three-phase transformers that use a three-limb core in the Typhoon HIL Control Center. In the attachment of the task, you can find two models.

The first model is the reference Simulink model and the second is the Typhoon HIL model. In the Simulink reference model, the two same transformers are modelled. The only difference is one uses default core mode, while the other transformer uses a three-limb core (core-type) transformer. The results of the different core types during the fault can be seen in the image below:

In the Schematic editor model, you can find the two transformers as well. The one model is enabled which represents the transformer that uses the default core model. The second model is disabled and needs to be implemented. The results of the fault in HIL SCADA can be seen in the image below:

Software requirements

Typhoon HIL Control Center
Simulink

Good luck.

References

[1] https://www.mathworks.com/help/sps/powersys/ref/threephasetransformertwowindings.html

Files

Simulink model

Schematic Editor model

SCADA panel

Proposal for eSTOL aircraft powertrain specification

Thu, 07 Nov 2024 13:57:22 +0000

This exploratory task will take you on the research on the state of art for eSTOL aircraft and is a prelude to another task which will be to create a conceptual eSTOL propulsion system model. Before the model can be created, the powertrain specification needs to be proposed. Here are some constraints that should provide guidance on what to look for.

The proposal should fit a full-electric lightweight trainer aircraft with maximum take-off weight (MTOW): 850 kg.

Essential

Battery pack (nominal parameters, type)
Electric motor (nominal parameters, type)
Motor drive (nominal parameters, type/converter topology)
Power distribution and protection (relays, busbars)

Nice to have

Propellers: For the purpose of load model
Cooling system: For the purpose of thermal model

Any proposed specification be it component or system-level should be backed by publicly available reference. If no reference can be found you should provide scientific/engineering reasoning behind it. Finding a good design reference that encompasses all or most of the essential elements is also a valid solution to this task.

Endorsement credits available for answering this question.